Chapter
Sensorineural Hearing Loss
Comprehensive modern algorithm for diagnosis and management
Decision-Making Algorithm in Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery
Reviewer-approved chapters, anatomically organised.
Featured chapter
Neck Pain
Integrated ENT-Spine-Neuro-Rheum-Pain framework — emergency triage × mechanical / nonmechanical pivot × myelopathy & radiculopathy screen × eight aetiology-keyed pathways
- 6-step workup
- 8 aetiology pathways
- Mechanical / nonmechanical pivot
Ear · Otology
11
Chapter
Tinnitus
From bothersome buzz to retrocochlear concern — mechanism-led assessment and CBT-anchored management
Chapter
Cholesteatoma
Modern otologic decision algorithm — diagnosis, classification, surgical choice, and lifelong surveillance
Chapter
Otorrhea
Discharge-character decision algorithm — red-flag triage × discharge-type classification × otomicroscopic pivot × nine aetiology-keyed pathways
Chapter
Otalgia (Ear Pain)
Ear pain — primary (otogenic) vs secondary (referred), evaluated stepwise
Chapter
Facial Nerve Paralysis
Peripheral facial palsy — central-vs-peripheral triage to prognostication and reanimation
Chapter
Ototoxicity
Drug-induced cochlear and vestibular injury — risk-stratified baseline, ASHA-criterion surveillance, otoprotection, and the rehabilitation of permanent loss
Chapter
Otitis Externa
Inflammation of the external auditory canal — red-flag triage for necrotising disease, then type-directed treatment from acute diffuse through otomycosis and chronic OE to the skull-base emergency
Chapter
Conductive Hearing Loss
Localising the air–bone gap — urgency triage, the audiologic work-up, and a site-of-lesion phenotype that routes the canal, tympanic-membrane, middle-ear, stapes-fixation and third-window pathologies to their repair or rehabilitation
Chapter
Vestibular Disorders
Neurotology decision algorithm — acute/episodic/chronic syndrome triage × HINTS stroke screen × temporal-profile differential × oculomotor and positional examination × vestibular laboratory battery × eleven diagnosis-keyed pathways × individualised vestibular rehabilitation
Chapter
Otitis Media with Effusion
Paediatric otology algorithm — adult-unilateral NPC red flag × pneumatic-otoscopy and tympanometry confirmation × high-risk-child fast-track × duration and audiometric staging × functional-impact-driven surgery × the tube / adenoidectomy ladder and long-term surveillance
Paediatric
3
Chapter
Congenital Hearing Loss
Newborn screening to aetiological diagnosis — the 1-3-6 pathway
Chapter
Stridor in the Paediatric Age Group
Airway-first decision algorithm — stability triage × phase-of-stridor localisation × age-based DDx × eight management pathways
Chapter
Paediatric Neck Mass
Airway-first paediatric algorithm — emergency triage × age-based diagnostic filter × midline/lateral/preauricular classification × ultrasound-first imaging × FNAC/biopsy pivot × eleven aetiology-keyed pathways spanning congenital, infective, vascular, syndromic and neoplastic disease
Skull Base
1
Head & Neck
9
Chapter
Maxillofacial Trauma
ATLS-led primary survey through definitive fracture repair — eight anatomic pathways
Chapter
Thyroid Enlargement (Goitre)
Functional × structural × cytological algorithm — TFTs, TI-RADS, Bethesda, scintigraphy, and surgical extent
Chapter
Diagnosis & Management of Thyroid Nodules
Clinical × functional × sonographic × cytologic × molecular × dynamic-risk algorithm — six integrated risk domains, eight diagnosis-keyed pathways
Chapter
Neck Pain
Integrated ENT-Spine-Neuro-Rheum-Pain framework — emergency triage × mechanical / nonmechanical pivot × myelopathy & radiculopathy screen × eight aetiology-keyed pathways
Chapter
Oral & Pharyngeal Mucosal Disease
Appearance-based diagnosis from benign mucosal disease to oral cancer — with OPMD surveillance
Chapter
Adult Neck Mass
The persistent adult neck lump — risk-stratify, localise by level, ultrasound-guided FNAB, and the unknown-primary workup
Chapter
Salivary Gland Enlargement
The swollen salivary gland — infectious, obstructive, autoimmune, or neoplastic, sorted by pattern, ultrasound, and FNAC
Chapter
Oral Cavity Carcinoma
The non-healing oral ulcer to a surgically-led cancer — depth of invasion, the elective neck, and reconstruction
Chapter
Neoplasms of the Tongue
The tongue lesion from tip to base — benign, premalignant, oral-tongue SCC and the HPV-driven base of tongue, with the glossectomy and reconstruction ladder
Nose · Rhinology
11
Chapter
Nasal Obstruction (Adults)
Phenotype-first decision algorithm — red-flag triage × phenotype classification × examination cascade × endoscopic pivot × ten aetiology-keyed pathways
Chapter
Malignant Sinonasal Neoplasms
Unilateral sinonasal mass to skull-base oncology — histology-directed, MDT-led diagnosis, resection, and reconstruction
Chapter
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Unilateral OME or neck node to EBV-driven skull-base cancer — endoscopy, EBV DNA, staging, chemoradiotherapy, and salvage
Chapter
Allergic Rhinitis
Sneezing, itch and congestion to ARIA-classified, INCS-anchored care — testing, immunotherapy, and the unified airway
Chapter
Olfactory Disorders
Anosmia, parosmia and phantosmia worked up to a cause — red-flag triage, mandatory endoscopy, the conductive-versus-sensorineural decision, psychophysical testing, and olfactory training with mandatory safety counselling
Chapter
Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Twelve weeks of sinonasal inflammation worked up to a phenotype and endotype — endoscopy- and CT-confirmed diagnosis, the polyp/no-polyp and Type-2 split, the saline-and-steroid backbone, and the surgery-and-biologic endgame
Chapter
Rhinorrhea
Chronic nasal-discharge algorithm — symptom localisation × the CSF-leak / neoplastic / neurological red-flag triad × β2-transferrin and HRCT + MR cisternography localisation × allergic and non-allergic rhinitis phenotyping × ipratropium-led medical therapy × posterior-nasal-nerve cryotherapy and neurectomy for refractory disease
Chapter
Epistaxis
Nosebleed algorithm — severity grading and ABC triage × the unstable-haemorrhage emergency arm × anterior / posterior / diffuse localisation × medication and coagulopathy correction × silver-nitrate cautery and topical tranexamic acid × endoscopic sphenopalatine-artery ligation × embolisation (never the anterior ethmoidal) × HHT, sinonasal-malignancy and internal-carotid-pseudoaneurysm red flags
Chapter
Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis
Acute and subacute sinusitis algorithm — the orbital / intracranial / bony / fungal red-flag screen × duration-based viral-versus-bacterial diagnosis (10-day, double-worsening, severe rules) × unilateral odontogenic, neoplastic and fungal etiologies × watchful waiting and amoxicillin-led stewardship × the treatment-failure and culture ladder × Chandler-classified complications × recurrent-disease workup and FESS × the chronic-rhinosinusitis transition
Chapter
Nasal Mass
The nasal mass from benign to malignant — the unilateral red flag, the image-before-biopsy rule, and the path from inverted papilloma and angiofibroma to sinonasal cancer
Chapter
Deviated Nasal Septum
The septum as a surgical entity — structural-versus-mucosal obstruction, the medical-first rule, and septoplasty with L-strut preservation
Throat · Laryngology
13
Chapter
Acute Airway Obstruction
Integrated cross-specialty algorithm — severity grading × controlled airway pathway × CICO rescue × 8 etiology-keyed pathways
Chapter
Dysphagia
Cross-specialty decision algorithm — airway-first triage × oropharyngeal vs oesophageal classification × cranial-nerve & swallow exam × FEES / MBS pivot × ten aetiology-keyed pathways
Chapter
Hoarseness & Dysphonia
Voice-first decision algorithm — airway / duration triage × voice-demand stratification × laryngoscopic & stroboscopic pivot × sixteen aetiology-keyed pathways
Chapter
Sleep-Disordered Breathing & OSA
Snoring to severe OSA — screening, phenotyping, and phenotype-directed longitudinal care
Chapter
Glottic & Subglottic Carcinoma
Hoarseness to transglottic cancer — staging, transoral laser, radiotherapy, organ-preservation, and salvage laryngectomy
Chapter
Supraglottic Carcinoma
Sore throat or neck node to transglottic cancer — conservation surgery, organ-preservation, and the bilateral neck
Chapter
Postlaryngectomy Voice Restoration
After total laryngectomy — choosing and sustaining voice: tracheoesophageal puncture, the prosthesis, and the long game
Chapter
Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma
Late dysphagia or a neck node to the worst-prognosis head-and-neck cancer — mapping, larynx preservation, and the bilateral neck
Chapter
Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Disease
The hoarse, throat-clearing, globus patient — separating reflux from its many mimics with the RSI, the RFS, an empiric trial, and objective testing for the refractory few
Chapter
Chronic Cough
The cough that outlasts eight weeks — a duration-first, treatable-traits sweep from chest X-ray and the big three to cough hypersensitivity and the neuromodulator-and-speech-therapy endgame
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Speech & Language Disorders
Communication disorders across the lifespan — red-flag screening, the mandatory audiological gate, classification into the speech, language, voice, fluency, social, cognitive and swallowing domains, and the assessment-to-therapy-and-AAC pathway
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Professional Voice Disorders
Voice-centre decision algorithm for the professional voice user — airway/malignancy red-flag screen × Level I–IV vocal-demand stratification × videostroboscopy pivot × eleven diagnosis-keyed pathways × phased return-to-performance
Chapter
Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis
Entity deep-dive for the immobile fold — aspiration/malignancy red-flag screen × laryngoscopic confirmation × neurogenic-vs-mechanical split × vagus/RLN-pathway imaging × LEMG prognostication × the injection→thyroplasty→arytenoid-adduction→combined→reinnervation ladder
Systemic · Therapeutics
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